CSI_MODELING FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Graham H Powell

CSI_MODELING FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Tác giả: Graham H Powell

Nhà xuất bản: Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California, USA

Năm xuất bản: 2010

27/08/2021

570

2,218

Miễn phí

LỜI MỞ ĐẦU

This book is aimed at a wide audience, and it has ambitious goals. If you are a student, the goal is to provide you with a foundation for the classes that you are taking in structural analysis and structural design. If you are a young engineer, the goal is to help you understand what you are doing when you use a computer program for structural analysis, and to help you become a better engineer. If you are an experienced structural engineer, the goal is to help you keep things in a proper perspective. If you are a university professor who teaches structural analysis, the goal is to persuade you to change the way that you teach the subject. In short, the goal of this book is to change how structural analysis is perceived and taught.

At the same time, the scope of this book is rather narrow. It covers the basics of modeling for structural analysis, but does not include many details. It covers the Direct Stiffness Method of analysis, using physical explanations rather than formal theory. It covers both material nonlinearily and geometric nonlinearity in considerable depth, with emphasis on physical understanding not on theory or mathematics. It also puts structural analysis in its proper place, as a tool for use in structural design, not as an end in itself. This book does not consider structural analysis theory, or how to program structural analysis for a computer. It considers linear, nonlinear, static and dynamic analysis, but does not explain the analysis theories in detail. Many of the details are topics for future volumes. Throughout the book the emphasis is on physical understanding, not on formal theory or mathematics.

There is a reason for this approach. I have often heard it said that young engineers use computer programs blindly, without understanding what they are doing. This is probably true, and it is unfortunate. However, my experience tells me that young engineers are not to blame. ~

The problem, I believe, is that engineering students are trained to see structural analysis as some magical thing that can tell us everything we need to know about the behavior of a structure, with a high degree of accuracy. This is an illusion. Structural analysis is at best highly approximate, and any predictions about structural behavior that are made by a computer program should be viewed with skepticism. Structural analysis is not some magical thing. It is merely a tool to help with structural design, and a highly imperfect one.

[ have also heard it argued that the developers of computer programs are to blame (not CSI, but some competitors). I disagree. A computer program for structural analysis is a tool, and like any tool its primary goal is to enhance productivity. The program developer's task is to produce the best possible tool. The engineer's job is to use it with skill. It is the job of somebody else to provide young engineers with the education and training that they need to develop the skills. What are these skills, and who is the "somebody else"?

The following are my opinions on the required skills.

MỤC LỤC

Chapter 1: Introduction	1
1.1 Overview	1
1.2 Phases of Structural Analysis	2
1.3 Importance of Phases	4
1.4 Demand and Capacity	5
1.5 Elastic vs. Inelastic Analysis	7
1.6 Static vs. Dynamic Analysis	14
1.7 Small vs. Large Displacements	15
1.8 Demand vs. Capacity Analysis	20
1.9 Conclusion	26
1.10 Topics for Following Chapters	26
Chapter 2: What is an Analysis Model?	29
2.1 Actual vs. Analysis Model	29
2.2 Types of Analysis Model	29
2.3 Node-Element Features	29
2.4 Element Types	31
2.5 Node-Element Connections	34
2.6 Gaps and Overlaps	36
2.7 Equilibrium	37
2.8 Discrete Model with Finite Size No
2.9 Continuum Model	40
2.10 Elements and Components	43
Chapter 3: The Direct Stifness Method	45
3.1 Element Stiffness	45
3.2 Stiffness Analysis Methods	55
3.3 Direct Stiffness Method	56
Chapter 4: Component Behavior - Uniaxial F-D	89
4.1 Overview	89
4.2 Force-Deformation Relationships	91
4.3 F-D Relationship Type	103
4.4 Stiffness for Elastic Analysis	104
4.5 F-D for Inelastic Analysis	108
4.6 Hysteresis Loops	115
4.7 Conclusion	121
Chapter 5: Component Behavior - Multi-Axial F-D	123
5.1 Overview	124
5.2 Stiffness Interaction	124
5.3 Strength Interaction	125
5.4 Inelastic Interaction	127
5.5 Plasticity Theory	129
5.6 Interaction Surface	135
5.7 P-M-M Interaction	137
Chapter 6: P-Δ Effects, Stability and Buckling	191
6.1 Overview	191
6.2 P-Δ and P-δ Contributions	197
6.3 Relative Importance	200
6.4 Modeling P-Δ and P-δ	203
6.5 Lateral Load Behavior	214
6.6 Buckling Behavior	223
6.7 P-Δ in Multi-Story Buildings	232
6.8 Buckling of Axially Loaded Column	236
6.9 Lateral-Torsional Buckling	238
6.10 Simple Structure with Pin-Ended Members	248
6.11 Pin-Ended Elastic Column with Bending	252
6.12 Beam-Column Strength	257
6.13 Strength-Based Design of Beam-Columns	264
6.14 Deformation-Based Design of Beam-Columns	267
6.15 Compression Members in Braced Frames	268
6.16 Columns in Unbraced Frames	271
6.17 A Complication - Initial Drifts	275
6.18 A Second Complication - Stiffness Reduction	277
6.19 Some Theory - Geometric Stiffness	283
6.20 Methods for Elastic Lateral Load Analysis	287
6.21 Direct Method for Steel Frames	306
6.22 Inelastic Lateral Load Analysis of Frames	313
6.23 Buckling Analysis	315
6.24 Some Other Structures	318
6.25 Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Beams	325
6.26 Bracing to Prevent Buckling	333
6.27 P-Δ Effects in Seismic Isolators	335
6.28 Some Other Types of Buckling	342
6.29 True Large Displacements	342
6.30 Conclusion for this Chapter	343
Chapter 7: Some Other Aspects of Behavior	345
7.1 Plastic Mechanisms	345
7.2 Mechanism Control Using Capacity Design	351
7.3 Static Indeterminacy and Redundancy	353
7.4 Nonstructural Components	357
7.5 Work and Energy	358
7.6 Living With Uncertainty	363

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